Comparative compositional and functional analyses of Bothrops moojeni specimens reveal several individual variations.

Snake venoms are complex protein mixtures with different biological activities that can act in both their preys and human victims. Many of these proteins play a role in prey capture and in the digestive process of these animals.

It is known that some snakes are resistant to the toxicity of their own venom by mechanisms not yet fully elucidated. However, it was observed in the Laboratory of Herpetology of Instituto Butantan that some Bothrops moojeni individuals injured by the same snake species showed mortalities caused by envenoming effects. This study analyzed the biochemical composition of 13 venom and plasma samples from Bothrops moojeni specimens to assess differences in their protein composition.

Application of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) showed distinct venom protein profiles, but very homogeneous plasma profiles. Western Blotting (WB) was performed with plasma samples, which were submitted to incubation with the respective venom.

Some individuals showed an immunorecognized band zone around 25 kDa, indicating interaction between the same individual plasma and venom proteins. Crossed-WB assay using non-self-plasma and venom showed that this variability is due to venom protein composition instead of plasma composition.

These venoms presented higher caseinolytic, collagenolytic and coagulant activities than the venoms without these regions recognized by WB. Mass spectrometry analyses performed on two individuals revealed that these individuals present, in addition to higher protein concentrations, other exclusive proteins in their composition. When these same two samples were tested in vivo, the results also showed higher lethality in these venoms, but lower hemorrhagic activity than in the venoms without these regions recognized by WB.

5-FOA, 25g
R7039-25g
EUR 963

Chlortetracycline HCl EP
C029-25G 25 g
EUR 141

25G Riboflavin
NAT1058 25G
EUR 80

25G PPO
NAT1498 25G
EUR 93

25G POPOP
NAT1524 25G
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25G AquaPor LE
NAT1020 25G
EUR 110

25G AquaPor ES
NAT1026 25G
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25G AquaPor LM
NAT1030 25G
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25G AquaPor HR
NAT1034 25G
EUR 197

25G DATD Ultrapure
NAT1044 25G
EUR 140

25G Ammonium Persulfate
NAT1062 25G
EUR 80

25G Alcian Blue
NAT1344 25G
EUR 162

25G Biebrich Scarlet
NAT1346 25G
EUR 120

25G Basic Fuchsin
NAT1350 25G
EUR 294

25G Methylene Blue
NAT1352 25G
EUR 156

25G Butyl PBD
NAT1510 25G
EUR 160

25G p-Terphenyl
NAT1520 25G
EUR 130

25G Bis-MSB
NAT1528 25G
EUR 187

25G AquaPor 3:1
NAT1038 25G
EUR 209

25G Fast Green FCF
NAT1348 25G
EUR 160

25G Amido Black 10B
NAT1354 25G
EUR 147

25G Xylene Cyanol FF
NAT1368 25G
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25G Bis (Methylene Bis-Acrylamide)
NAT1042 25G
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DiagNano Albumin Silica Particles, 5 μm
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DiagPoly Protein A Conjugated Polystyrene Particles, 3.0-3.9 µm
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Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor/EGF
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Salicin
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Menadione
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Oxolinic acid
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Lactobionic acid
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Metronidazole
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Paromomycin sulfate
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Praziquantel
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Pyrazinamide
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Penicillin V potassium
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Picloram
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Putrescine Dihydrochloride
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Pyrazinecarboxamide
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Hydroxyurea
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Riboflavin
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Irgasan (Triclosan)
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Indole-3-acetic acid
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Indole-3-butyric acid
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Indole-3-carbinol
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Indomethacin
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Kanamycin Acid Sulfate for BioProcessing
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Kanamycin Acid Sulfate EW
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Econazole nitrate
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Erythromycin
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Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate
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In conclusion, some Bothrops moojeni specimens differ in venom composition, which may have implications in envenomation. Moreover, the high individual venom variability found in this species demonstrates the importance to work with individual analyses in studies involving intraspecific venom variability and venom evolution.